Section
| HS Code | 302617 |
| Appearance | Milky white liquid |
| Activesiliconecontent | 20% |
| Viscosity | 200-500 mPa·s at 25°C |
| Ph | 6.0-8.0 |
| Specificgravity | 0.98-1.02 g/cm³ at 25°C |
| Ionictype | Nonionic |
| Waterdispersibility | Easily dispersible in water |
| Foaminhibitioneffect | Rapid foam knockdown and lasting foam suppression |
| Temperatureresistance | Effective up to 100°C |
| Storagestability | Stable for 6 months under recommended storage conditions |
As an accredited KM-72S General Industrial Silicone Antifoam Emulsion factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Supplied in 25 kg plastic pails with resealable lids; contains silicone antifoam emulsion. Store tightly sealed, avoid extreme temperatures. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | Container Loading (20′ FCL): One 20-foot full container load of KM-72S silicone antifoam emulsion, packed on pallets, secured for safe transit. |
| Shipping | KM-72S General Industrial Silicone Antifoam Emulsion ships as a non-hazardous industrial chemical in sealed drums, pails, or totes. Protect from freezing, extreme heat, and direct sunlight. Ensure containers remain upright, securely labeled, and transported in clean, dry vehicles to prevent leakage or contamination. |
| Storage | Store KM-72S in its original, tightly sealed container in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight, heat sources, and incompatible materials. Maintain temperatures between 5–35°C; avoid freezing, as ice formation can break the emulsion. Do not transfer to unlabeled containers. Keep out of reach of unauthorized personnel. Under proper storage, shelf life is typically up to 12 months. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life is typically 12 months from manufacture when stored unopened in original container, protected from freezing and extreme heat. |
In 10,000–30,000 L stirred batch reactors producing polyvinyl alcohol-stabilized vinyl acetate–ethylene latex, foam collapse at the liquid–monomer interface during ethylene stripping and post-reaction vacuum degassing is treated with KM-72S. The antifoam is introduced at 50–200 ppm on total monomer charge after the protective colloid solution has reached 65–75°C and before the oxidant/reductant initiator injection. The emulsion is pre-diluted 1:10 by volume with deionized water and fed through a diaphragm pump over 15–30 min under agitator tip speeds of 1.5–3.0 m/s. In vinyl acetate–ethylene systems, the defoamer must retain activity through N₂ stripping at 80–90°C while not suppressing the anionic/nonionic surfactant package that stabilizes latex particle size below 350 nm. Over-addition above 300 ppm is associated with surface defects in cast films, often called fisheyes, and with reduced wet adhesion in formulated architectural primers; the failure mode appears as cratering in 200 µm wet-film drawdowns after 24 h at 23°C and 50% relative humidity. The dry film compliance path for indirect food contact adhesives follows FDA 21 CFR 175.105, while EU market access falls under REACH (EC) No 1907/2006. Finished products include interior vinyl-acrylic semigloss paints, pressure-sensitive label adhesives, and D3/D4 wood assembly adhesives classified under EN 204/205.
Surfactant-loaded influent from food processing creates stable foam blankets thicker than 0.5 m in aeration basins operated at 3,000–6,000 mg/L mixed liquor suspended solids and dissolved oxygen at 1.5–2.5 mg/L. KM-72S is metered continuously into the screen chamber or lift station at 5–50 ppm on incoming flow, with 10 ppm as a common starting point for wastewater containing 200–800 mg/L fat, oil, and grease as measured by EPA Method 1664B. The silicone emulsion should be fed after screening but before the equalization tank, using a low-shear peristaltic or diaphragm pump to prevent premature droplet coalescence. In oxidation ditches with surface aerators drawing 30–60 kW, foam control is maintained for 2–6 h after a single slug addition, but continuous injection is preferred when scum re-forms at the clarifier weir. The addition is not a substitute for FOG removal; upstream dissolved air flotation should be operated at 5–10 bar saturation pressure to reduce residual FOG to 50–100 mg/L before biological treatment. In membrane bioreactors, uncontrolled addition above 20 ppm can coat ultrafiltration membranes; the operational boundary is a transmembrane pressure rise exceeding 0.5 bar/week that is not corrected by the standard sodium hypochlorite backwash. The terminal output is clarified effluent suitable for municipal discharge or reuse, with foam-related suspended solids carryover below 50 mg/L.
Polyester and cotton tubular knits processed in hydraulic jet machines of 1,000–2,000 kg nominal capacity generate stable foam from residual knit oils, disperse dye dispersants, and bath lubricants at liquor ratios of 1:5–1:10 and pump flow rates of 60–90 L/kg·min. KM-72S is pre-dispersed in cold water and injected into the suction side of the circulation pump at 0.05–0.3 g/L bath volume before dye addition; the lower end is used for cotton reactive-dye baths, while the upper end is reserved for polyester disperse-dye baths with high concentrations of naphthalene sulfonate condensate. The critical boundary is deposit formation: at concentrations above 0.5 g/L or when bath temperature exceeds 130–135°C for high-temperature polyester dyeing, silicone coalescence can build up on fabric guide rollers and heat exchanger surfaces. Deposits transfer to fabric as spots that fail ISO 105-C10 washfastness and AATCC 61 test panels. Published data for the specific KM-72S deposition threshold on generic polyester jet machines is limited; the upper bound should be validated in a pre-production trial with 100% polyester substrate and a 1:6 liquor ratio. Finished articles include athletic knitwear, automotive seat upholstery, and nylon-spandex swimwear dyed to ΔE values below 1.0 measured with a benchtop spectrophotometer under D65/10 illumination.
Central coolant systems exceeding 40,000 L support high-speed aluminum and cast iron machining lines where coolant return from the tooling zone entrains air and forms stable foam in the tramp-oil separator and return trough. KM-72S is continuously metered into the return line upstream of the hydrocyclone filter at 10–200 ppm relative to total sump volume; the higher end applies when the coolant contains chlorinated paraffin extreme-pressure additives and pH has drifted above 9.2. The emulsion is delivered through a positive-displacement metering pump synchronized to coolant throughput, typically 0.5–2.0 L/h per 1,000 L coolant circulation at high-pressure pumping of 70–100 bar. Foam tendency and stability can be screened according to ASTM D892, although the method's air stone geometry does not fully reproduce high-pressure coolant foaming at the tool–workpiece contact zone. Over-addition in systems with zirconium-based conversion coating drag-in or with quaternary ammonium biocide treatment can create floating silicone-rich layers that clog coalescer panels; the practical upper boundary is 250 ppm for a single day total addition. Terminal components produced on these lines include aluminum powertrain housings, cast iron brake discs, and aircraft structural forgings machined to Ra 0.8 µm or better.
| Downstream segment | Standard or regulation | Method designation | Operational boundary |
|---|---|---|---|
| Emulsion polymerization | FDA 21 CFR 175.105 | cast-film defect inspection | 300 ppm maximum on monomer |
| Food-plant aerobic digestor | EPA Method 1664B | FOG quantification | 20 ppm upper feed in MBR |
| Textile jet dyeing | ISO 105-C10 | washfastness | 0.5 g/L maximum bath concentration |
| Metalworking central sump | ASTM D892 | foam tendency/stability | 250 ppm daily upper addition |
| Pulp and paper whitewater | FDA 21 CFR 176.170 | food-contact paper extraction | 0.1% on dry fibre maximum |
| Industrial CIP cleaner | FDA 21 CFR 178.1010 | sanitizing solution residue | 0.2% w/w concentrate maximum |
| Agrochemical suspension concentrate | CIPAC MT 46.3 | accelerated storage at 54°C/14 days | 0.2% w/w letdown maximum |
Closed whitewater loops on recycled linerboard and tissue machines operate at dissolved air concentrations of 0.15–0.35 mL/L and accumulate saponified starch, sodium stearate from deinking, and calcium ions from 1,800–2,400 mg/L hardness. Foam in fan pump suction and headbox overflow disturbs basis-weight uniformity, causing wet-end breaks at machine speeds above 1,200 m/min. KM-72S is fed at 0.01–0.1% on dry fibre, typically 20–100 ppm on thick stock flow, to the suction side of the fan pump or to the whitewater silo after the disc filter. The emulsion should be pre-diluted 1:5–1:20 with clarified whitewater and injected through a low-shear progressive cavity pump, because high hardness in the loop can break the emulsion and leave silicone spots on the wire. In flotation deinking, addition points should be downstream of the froth collection stage to avoid suppressing the removal of hydrophobic ink particles. For recycled linerboard intended for dry food packaging, the retained silicone level in the finished sheet must comply with FDA 21 CFR 176.170 extraction limits, and the mill may additionally test with EN 1541 for preservative/debris analysis or with ISO 15320 for wood fibre origin if export specifications require. The terminal products are 100% recycled corrugating medium, test liner, and tissue grades with basis weights from 17–115 g/m².
Alkaline bottle-washing and clean-in-place formulations built on 2–5% sodium hydroxide and 0.1–0.5% alkyl polyglucoside surfactants foam vigorously at spray pressures of 3–5 bar and recirculation temperatures of 70–85°C. KM-72S is incorporated at 0.01–0.2% by weight of the concentrated cleaner during the cooling phase below 40°C, before the final viscosity adjustment, because addition to hot caustic above 60°C accelerates emulsion creaming and reduces defoaming persistence through the cleaning cycle. In beverage CIP installations, the formulated cleaner is diluted to 0.2–1.0% v/v in the wash tank, yielding 2–20 ppm active antifoam in the recirculating caustic solution. The silicone emulsion must be completely rinsed from food-contact surfaces; a final rinse conductivity below 50 µS/cm and total organic carbon below 10 ppm in the rinse water are common internal release limits, while formulation components may be assessed under FDA 21 CFR 178.1010 for sanitizing solutions used on food-processing equipment if no-rinse status is not claimed. Terminal products include low-foam chlorinated alkaline CIP detergents, tunnel pasteurizer belt cleaners, and bottle-wash additives for returnable glass lines operating at 30,000–60,000 bottles/h.
Liquid agricultural formulations containing 360–540 g/L glyphosate acid equivalent and 8–15% w/w ethoxylated tallow amine or nonionic wetting agents develop persistent foam during wet milling and spray-tank dilution. KM-72S is dosed into the letdown vessel after wet milling at 0.05–0.2% w/w of the final formulation, because exposure to the high-shear bead mill can split the silicone droplets and reduce knockdown longevity. The final suspension concentrate is diluted 1:50–1:200 in field sprayers, lowering the antifoam concentration in the tank mix to 5–20 ppm. Formulation stability must be confirmed by CIPAC MT 46.3 accelerated storage at 54°C for 14 days, and the product should not show visible oil separation after three freeze-thaw cycles from -5°C to 25°C. Published data for the specific interaction between KM-72S and high-electrolyte glyphosate brines is limited; bench validation in the actual salt matrix is required before scale-up because phase separation under high ionic strength can vary with tallow amine lot. Terminal formulations include high-load glyphosate soluble concentrates, ammonium salt suspension concentrates, and co-formulated pre-plant burndown mixtures with dicamba or 2,4-D.
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KM-72S is an opaque white aqueous emulsion of high-viscosity polydimethylsiloxane fluid and finely divided hydrophobic silica, stabilized by a nonionic emulsifier package. It is supplied as a water-dispersible general industrial silicone antifoam intended for knockdown and persistent deaeration in aqueous process streams. Representative physical properties for this product class fall within the following ranges: active silicone content 10–30 wt%, Brookfield viscosity 400–2,500 mPa·s at 25 °C under ISO 2555, density 0.98–1.02 g/cm³ under ISO 2811-1, and pH 6.5–8.5 as supplied using ASTM E70. The product is designed for post-addition to process lines where foam has already formed, as well as continuous injection into recirculating water, paper machine whitewater, fermentation broths, and alkaline scrubber liquors. Because the continuous phase is water and the dispersed phase is a high-molecular-weight siloxane, the emulsion can be diluted in ambient water to 1–5 wt% feed solutions. Batch preparation should avoid high-shear centrifugal pumps that can coalesce oil droplets and reduce foam-control efficiency. Published data for this specific product grade are limited; the numerical values quoted here are representative of general industrial silicone antifoam emulsions and should be confirmed against the supplier certificate of analysis.
The antifoam droplet enters the foam lamella when the spreading coefficient is positive. The polydimethylsiloxane phase in KM-72S typically has a surface tension near 21 mN/m at 25 °C, lower than most aqueous process surfactant solutions. Upon contact with a foam film, the oil spreads along the lamella surface and displaces the adsorbed surfactant layer, creating a localized thinning zone. Dispersed hydrophobic silica particles with median particle size 2–15 µm and agglomerates in the same range promote bubble coalescence by dewetting the aqueous film. This dual mechanism—spreading and particle bridging—requires the emulsion droplet size distribution to remain below the foam lamella thickness. Typical supply emulsions of this class show median droplet size 2–15 µm as measured by laser diffraction under ISO 13320. In high-turbulence piping, pre-dilution through a static mixer at flow velocities below 1.5 m/s preserves droplet integrity. Batch-to-batch viscosity variation of ±10% is observed on production-scale filling lines and does not correlate linearly with antifoam activity under ASTM E2407; activity is instead controlled by the silicone-to-silica ratio and droplet size distribution. The neat silicone phase can tolerate temperatures exceeding 200 °C, but the aqueous emulsion is not designed for continuous service above 100 °C because water vaporization and emulsifier dehydration destabilize the dispersion.
The specification envelope for KM-72S is summarized in Table 1. Supplier batch data should be used for acceptance testing because regional production sites may report slightly different values.
| Property | Test method | Representative value/range |
|---|---|---|
| Appearance | Visual | Opaque white to off-white liquid |
| Brookfield viscosity | ISO 2555 | 400–2,500 mPa·s |
| pH as supplied | ASTM E70 | 6.5–8.5 |
| Density | ISO 2811-1 | 0.98–1.02 g/cm³ |
| Nonvolatile content | ISO 3251 | 20–40 wt% |
| Median droplet size | ISO 13320 | 2–15 µm |
| Storage temperature | — | 5–40 °C |
Batch acceptance tests for this grade typically include foam knockdown under ASTM E2407, pH under ASTM E70, Brookfield viscosity under ISO 2555, density under ISO 2811-1, nonvolatile content under ISO 3251, and median droplet size by laser diffraction under ISO 13320. The nonvolatile content of KM-72S is usually in the range 20–40 wt%; the volatile fraction is mostly water. A drop in nonvolatile content below the lower specification limit can indicate phase separation in the storage tank, while an increase can indicate evaporation from open containers. In production-scale filling, homogenization pressure and temperature must be controlled to avoid droplet-size drift. Over-homogenization below 1 µm median droplet size can reduce immediate foam knockdown because smaller droplets are less effective at bridging foam lamellae, whereas droplets above 40 µm can separate rapidly.
In waterborne coating and ink formulations, the addition of KM-72S above 0.05 wt% based on total formulation can create surface defects because the polydimethylsiloxane phase migrates to the air interface and reduces surface tension unevenly. Haze and gloss loss are measurable under ASTM D523 when dosage exceeds 0.10 wt%; at 0.20 wt%, water contact angle on the cured film can increase by more than 10°, indicating silicone enrichment at the surface. Recoatability decreases once the surface silicone concentration exceeds the adhesion tolerance of subsequent acrylic or polyurethane layers; adhesion assessment by cross-cut tape test under ISO 2409 should be performed when the formulation contains more than 0.05 wt% of the emulsion. In metalworking fluids, tramp oil rejection and filterability can be affected if the emulsion destabilizes; the product is therefore added at 50–200 ppm in the return line before the sump filter rather than in the clean-tool delivery nozzle.
Production-scale addition programs begin with jar tests using a sparge tube or recirculating foam cell following ASTM E2407. In stirred-tank fermenters, incremental additions of 50–200 ppm as supplied typically reduce preformed foam height by 80% within 15–60 seconds; protein-rich broths may require the upper end. In paper machine whitewater loops with total organic carbon loads above 1,500 mg/L, continuous metering at 10–100 ppm has reduced air entrainment and improved drainage on gap-former stock in limited production trials; published data for this specific configuration is limited. For wastewater aeration basins, the product should be injected downstream of the aeration zone at 5–50 ppm to avoid oxygen-transfer interference in the biological treatment stage. Waterborne adhesive compounding may use 0.05 wt% or less based on total formulation; higher additions can reduce lap shear strength under ASTM D1002 because silicone migration interferes with the adhesive bond to metal or polymer substrates.
Table 2 provides a comparative matrix for KM-72S against common general industrial defoamer classes.
| Comparative parameter | KM-72S silicone emulsion | Mineral-oil defoamer | Polyglycol defoamer | Powdered silica-silicone |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Active chemistry | PDMS/silica aqueous emulsion | Paraffinic or naphthenic oil with hydrophobic particles | EO/PO block copolymer | Dry silica/PDMS blend |
| Typical dose range | 5–200 ppm | 10–500 ppm | 20–1,000 ppm | 0.1–2 wt% in dry mix |
| Knockdown speed | Rapid under ASTM E2407 | Moderate | Moderate | Slow unless pre-dispersed |
| Shear stability | Shear-sensitive; avoid high-shear pumps | Moderate | High | Not applicable |
| High-temperature behavior | Emulsion water phase limits continuous use to <100 °C; silicone active stable to 200 °C neat | Poor; volatilizes or oxidizes | Moderate; cloud-point dependent | High in dry state |
| BOD/COD impact | Low at use level | Can increase oil and grease | Increases COD | Low |
Dilution water should be potable or low-hardness process water with total hardness below 300 mg/L as CaCO₃ and temperature between 10 °C and 35 °C. Hardness above this value may cause emulsion creaming and reduce metering accuracy. The prepared dilution should be used within 24 hours to limit microbial growth and phase separation. Storage of the concentrate should be at 5–40 °C in sealed HDPE or lined steel containers; freezing destroys the emulsion and cannot be recovered by remixing. Positive displacement pumps such as diaphragm or peristaltic types are preferred over centrifugal pumps because rotor-stator shear can increase median droplet size from 5 µm to above 40 µm, causing rapid separation in the feed tank. If a continuous dilution skid is used, a low-shear static mixer should be located after the water and product injection point; the pressure drop across the mixer should be kept below 0.5 bar to avoid droplet coalescence. Because the product is water-based, microbial contamination can occur in diluted feed tanks. If the prepared dilution is held longer than 24 hours, an appropriate biocide compatible with the emulsifier should be used; chlorine-based oxidizers should be avoided because they can oxidize the silicone and silica surface, reducing activity.
Mineral-oil defoamers typically contain hydrophobic solids dispersed in a hydrocarbon carrier. In high-pH cleaning baths and boiler water at pH above 10.5, the ester and hydrocarbon fractions can saponify or contribute to deposit formation. KM-72S replaces the hydrocarbon carrier with water and a polydimethylsiloxane active; the emulsion performs within a pH range of 4–10. Above pH 10.5, the nonionic emulsifier may undergo gradual phase separation, and the continuous aqueous phase can become turbid. In comparison to EO/PO polyglycol defoamers, the silicone product has a lower surface tension and is less sensitive to reverse cloud-point effects in hot process streams, but it can impart silicone fouling on downstream heat-transfer surfaces if overdosed continuously above 200 ppm. Substitution should therefore be preceded by a sparge-tube foam-height test under ASTM E2407 at the target pH and temperature; the dose should be titrated from 10 ppm upward in 10 ppm increments until foam height is reduced by 80% within 30 seconds. In pulp mill brownstock washing, black liquor solids above 18 wt% can displace the emulsifier from the droplet surface and reduce activity; published data for this specific configuration is limited. The product should not be combined with strong oxidizing agents such as chlorine, hypochlorite, or concentrated hydrogen peroxide because the silicone phase can crosslink or form silica deposits under oxidative conditions.
For non-food industrial systems, KM-72S is not intended for direct food contact unless the specific product is cleared under applicable regulation. Paper and board applications that may contact food require confirmation against 21 CFR 176.170 and 21 CFR 176.180 or BfR Recommendation XXXVI. In European industrial applications, the manufacturer should provide REACH registration confirmation under Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006, including any SVHC content below 0.1 wt%. For electronic manufacturing or metalworking fluids, the product is not expected to be RoHS-restricted because it contains no intentionally added lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, PBB, or PBDE above the 0.1 wt% threshold in homogeneous material as defined by Directive 2011/65/EU; however, the end user should verify from the supplier’s declaration because impurity profiles vary by production campaign.
In textile jet dyeing, foam causes pump cavitation and fabric rope blockage on production machines with liquor ratios below 1:8. Metered addition of 10–50 ppm into the suction side of the circulation pump, ahead of the heat exchanger rather than into the venturi, is used. Because silicone accumulation on polyester fabric can reduce wicking and subsequent printing adhesion, residual silicone on the substrate should be checked by water drop absorption or contact-angle measurement after the dyeing cycle if fabric is destined for coating or lamination.
