Section
| HS Code | 201077 |
| Product Name | AFE-0310 Medium-Activity Silicone Antifoam Emulsion |
| Appearance | Milky white liquid emulsion |
| Active Silicone Content | 10% - 20% |
| Viscosity At 25c | 200 - 800 cP |
| Ph | 6.0 - 8.0 |
| Specific Gravity At 25c | 0.98 - 1.02 |
| Water Dispersibility | Readily dispersible in water |
| Ionic Type | Nonionic |
| Particle Size | 5 - 15 microns |
| Odor | Mild, characteristic silicone odor |
| Foam Inhibiting Activity | Medium |
| Storage Stability | Minimum 12 months in sealed original container |
| Freeze Thaw Stability | Stable at room temperature; protect from freezing |
| Flash Point | Greater than 100°C (close cup) |
As an accredited AFE-0310 Medium-Activity Silicone Antifoam Emulsion factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | Supplied in 5-gallon (18.9 L) resealable pails, with secure closure for safe handling and easy dispensing. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | AFE-0310 silicone antifoam emulsion is loaded as a 20′ FCL, in sealed drums on pallets, secured and blocked safely. |
| Shipping | AFE-0310 Medium-Activity Silicone Antifoam Emulsion ships in sealed drums or totes via standard freight. Non-hazardous, it requires no special placarding. Protect from freezing and excessive heat; secure upright to prevent leakage. Ensure containers remain sealed during transit to preserve emulsion stability and performance. |
| Storage | Store AFE-0310 in a tightly sealed original container in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from direct sunlight and incompatible materials. Recommended temperature range is 5–35°C; do not freeze, as this can destabilize the emulsion. With proper storage, shelf life is typically 12 months from manufacture date. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life is 24 months from manufacture date when stored unopened in original container; keep away from freezing. |
In waterborne architectural coating manufacturing, AFE-0310 Medium-Activity Silicone Antifoam Emulsion is introduced as a foam-control agent in formulations where pigment grind paste, latex binder, associative thickener, and coalescing solvent create multiple air-entrainment stages. The addition rate in the pigment dispersion stage is typically 0.10–0.30 wt% of the total formulation when the mill base contains high-surfactant dispersants and a high-speed disperser with a saw-tooth impeller is run at tip speeds between 5 m/s and 8 m/s. In the let-down phase, the amount is reduced to 0.05–0.15 wt% because the final viscosity build from the associative thickener reduces shear and the remaining defoamer is more susceptible to migration. The downstream process requires the antifoam emulsion to be added after the binder but before the final rheology modifier, because addition after the thickener can produce visible oil streaking and gloss reduction. End products include interior wall paints conforming to EU Directive 2004/42/EC limits for waterborne semigloss and matt finishes, primer formulations tested under ASTM D523-14 for specular gloss, and tint bases where foam entrapment would alter colourant acceptance testing under ASTM D5324-16. Production-scale observations indicate that exceeding 0.5 wt% addition during high-shear dispersion can destabilise the emulsion, leading to fish-eyes in the cured film; therefore, the addition is usually split between grind and let-down rather than charged as a single dose.
In alkaline deinking mills, AFE-0310 is used in the flotation cell and the paper machine white-water silo, where air-loaded flotation froth and wet-end turbulence generate persistent foam. The addition rate is typically 0.05–0.20 kg per metric ton of dry furnish when dosed into deinking pulp at 45–60 °C; in paper machine white-water loops, the rate is reduced to 0.01–0.05 kg per metric ton of dry fiber to avoid destabilising retention aid programs. The downstream process in a flotation deinking line includes coarse and fine screening, forward cleaners, and flotation cells; AFE-0310 is introduced after the flotation froth rejects are stable but before the thickening stage, where excessive foam causes pump cavitation in the disc filter. For linerboard and corrugating medium machines, the emulsion is added at the wire pit or the fan pump suction using a diaphragm metering pump to deliver a homogenised dilution of 1:10 to 1:100 with process water. Terminal finished products include corrugating medium, testliner, white-top liner, tissue grades, and deinked market pulp. Compliance requirements for non-food-contact grades follow EU Ecolabel criteria set out in Commission Decision 2019/70 and OECD 301B ready biodegradability screening; for paper and paperboard intended for food contact, the converter must conduct extraction testing under FDA 21 CFR 176.170 and FDA 21 CFR 176.180, though published data for this specific emulsion configuration is limited.
Jet dyeing machines operating at fabric speeds above 250 m/min and circulation rates of 2–4 L/kg·min generate high foam volumes when dispersed dyes, leveling agents, and alkali are pumped through venturi nozzles. In polyester jet dyeing with AFE-0310, the emulsion is charged to the preparation bath or dye bath at 0.05–0.20 g/L of bath volume before dyes are added, because post-addition to a foamed bath surface tends to create localised silicone deposition on fabric contact points. The downstream production process for cotton knitgoods and polyester woven fabrics includes HT jet dyeing at 130–135 °C for disperse dye cycles or 95–98 °C for reactive dye cycles, followed by reduction clearing and hot rinse. AFE-0310 must be diluted 1:5 to 1:20 with cold water in a side tank prior to injection into the jet overflow or circulation line, and it should not be mixed with strong anionic or cationic auxiliaries in the same dosage line because flocculation of the silicone droplets reduces defoaming efficiency. Terminal finished product types include cotton jersey, cotton/polyester blends, woven microfiber polyester for sportswear, and polyamide/elastane swimwear fabrics. Compliance for textile auxiliaries is assessed under REACH Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006, OEKO-TEX Standard 100, and the ZDHC Manufacturing Restricted Substances List V3.0; batch-level suitability under ZDHC must be verified because different silicone emulsion grades show different volatile-content and wash-durability profiles.
| Application context | Relevant standard or regulatory reference | Typical addition range | Process insertion point |
|---|---|---|---|
| Waterborne architectural coatings | 2004/42/EC; ASTM D523-14; ASTM D5324-16 | 0.05–0.30 wt% | Split between pigment grind and let-down |
| Pulp and paper deinking/white water | EU Ecolabel Decision 2019/70; OECD 301B; FDA 21 CFR 176.170 where food contact | 0.01–0.20 kg/t dry fiber | Froth cell outlet or wire pit |
| Textile jet dyeing | REACH (EC) No 1907/2006; OEKO-TEX Standard 100; ZDHC MRSL V3.0 | 0.05–0.20 g/L | Dyebath before dyes; diluted side tank |
| Low-foam hard-surface cleaners | Detergents Regulation (EC) No 648/2004; 21 CFR 178.3400 where relevant | 0.01–0.10 wt% concentrate | After builder dissolution, before final thickener |
| Wastewater aeration/MBR | 91/271/EEC; ISO 8192:2007 | 1–5 ppm shock; 0.1–0.5 ppm continuous | Return activated sludge line or basin influent |
| Water-based flexo inks | 94/62/EC; ISO 12647-6 | 0.05–0.20 wt% of ink | Let-down after resin neutralisation |
For low-foam CIP and floor-scrubber concentrates, AFE-0310 is compounded into the formulation after the alkaline builder, chelating agent, and surfactant package have been solubilised, because early addition during neutralisation of potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide can hydrolyse the silicone emulsion and reduce its foam suppression life. The recommended addition rate in a concentrated hard-surface cleaner is 0.01–0.10 wt% of the total formulation; in a ready-to-use solution prepared at 1:100 dilution, this corresponds to 1–10 ppm of product as supplied. Downstream production processes include batch mixing in top-entering agitated vessels at 200–500 rpm or continuous dosing into an in-line static mixer before filling; the final pH is typically 10.0–13.0 for alkaline bottle-washing and floor-cleaning products. If the emulsion is added after the final viscosity builder, inadequate dispersion can leave visible silicone droplets in the transparent package; therefore, addition is commonly performed at the 40–60% fill volume stage with a top-entering impeller running at 400 rpm for not less than 15 minutes. Terminal finished product types include low-foam floor scrubber detergents, automatic hard surface cleaners, conveyor-lubricating alkaline detergents, and CIP cleaner concentrates for dairy and beverage plants. Compliance for these detergents is governed by Detergents Regulation (EC) No 648/2004, REACH registration under (EC) No 1907/2006, and where relevant for food-plant cleaning, indirect food-contact clearance evaluated under 21 CFR 178.3400; published data for this specific emulsion in food-plant end-use is limited.
In municipal and industrial activated sludge plants, the first actionable indicator for antifoam dosing is not the presence of fine surface bubbles but the formation of stable foam banks thicker than 15 cm on the aeration basin, which reduce oxygen transfer and can overflow the side walls. AFE-0310 is applied at 1–5 ppm of product as supplied based on basin volume for shock dosing, or at 0.1–0.5 ppm continuously as a metered dilution into the return activated sludge line or basin influent channel. The downstream treatment process includes fine-bubble diffused aeration or mechanical surface aerators, secondary clarification, and in some configurations membrane bioreactor tanks; in MBR operations, the emulsion must be dosed upstream of the biological tank and not directly into the membrane tank because high local concentrations can coat the membrane surface and increase transmembrane pressure by more than 0.2 bar over baseline. The terminal output from the foam control point is clarified secondary effluent, MBR permeate, and dewatered waste activated sludge. Compliance for such plant operations is governed by EU Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive 91/271/EEC, local discharge permits for chemical oxygen demand and total suspended solids, and ecotoxicity screening under ISO 8192:2007 activated sludge respiration inhibition testing; published data for AFE-0310 in MBR-specific configurations is limited and requires pilot confirmation before full-scale continuous dosing.
Water-based flexographic inks on coated paper and corrugated board lose print uniformity when microfoam accumulates in the ink pan and anilox roller cells at press speeds exceeding 200 m/min. AFE-0310 is added to the finished ink at 0.05–0.20 wt% of total ink weight during the let-down phase after pigment dispersion and neutralisation of the acrylic resin, because the silicone emulsion must remain in the ink film as a surface tension modifier without disturbing resolution of fine text. The downstream production process for flexo printing uses chambered doctor blade systems at metering pressures below 0.6 bar, anilox rollers with screen rulings from 180 to 360 lines/cm, and drying ovens at 70–90 °C; the antifoam emulsion is introduced under low-shear stirring and should not be recirculated through a high-shear gear pump for more than 30 minutes, because repeated shear can break the emulsion and deposit silicone on the anilox cells. Terminal finished product types include water-based flexo inks for corrugated containers, paper bags, napkins, and folding carton board. Compliance for such inks follows EU Packaging and Packaging Waste Directive 94/62/EC, Swiss Ordinance 817.023.21 where applicable, and print consistency is verified by ISO 12647-6; published data for AFE-0310 in blade-metered flexo systems is limited, so initial press trials are recommended.
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AFE-0310 Medium-Activity Silicone Antifoam Emulsion is a water-dilutable, nonionic oil-in-water emulsion composed of polydimethylsiloxane fluid, hydrophobized silica particles, and a nonionic emulsifier system. The product is supplied as a pourable white liquid with a density of 0.98–1.02 g/cm³ at 25 °C. Medium-activity designation corresponds to a moderate silicone loading, typically 20–30 wt% active silicone according to the certificate of analysis. In aqueous process streams, initial dosage is typically 5–200 ppm by total system volume, adjusted for surfactant load, agitation intensity, and foam persistence. Unlike high-activity emulsions, AFE-0310 is formulated for low-shear dispersibility while retaining sufficient residual antifoam capacity for sustained foam control.
Foam control in aqueous systems proceeds through spreading of low-surface-tension silicone fluid at the liquid–air interface, followed by bridging and dewetting of foam lamellae. Defoaming activity depends on the spreading coefficient, S = γf − γd − γfd, where γf is the foamant surface tension, γd is the defoamer surface tension, and γfd is the interfacial tension between the two phases. A positive spreading coefficient is necessary but not sufficient; rupture of foam films also requires hydrophobic solid particles, typically fumed silica with surface silanol groups replaced by trimethylsilyl or polydimethylsiloxane grafts. In medium-activity grades such as AFE-0310, the particle-to-silicone fluid ratio is adjusted to balance fast initial spreading with resistance to emulsification into the bulk. Excess emulsification into the bulk phase reduces the effective surface-active antifoam concentration and shortens persistence. Field data from agitated fermenters and air-scrubbed wastewater units indicate that medium-activity emulsions may provide longer foam suppression intervals than high-activity grades when surfactant concentrations fluctuate. Published data for this specific configuration is limited; therefore, site-specific jar testing is required before full-scale dosing.
For high-surfactant wastewater streams, knockout performance is commonly evaluated by a sparge apparatus with a porous diffuser, using foam height and collapse time as primary metrics. A typical screening method is ASTM D3519-88, but this method may not fully capture continuous process conditions. Representative foam height reductions of 60–90% are reported for medium-activity silicone emulsions at 10–100 ppm in surfactant-laden wastewaters; the user must confirm the specific response because foam stabilizers such as nonylphenol ethoxylates and lignosulfonates alter the required dosage by orders of magnitude.
The performance of AFE-0310 in hard water and high-electrolyte streams depends on emulsion particle size distribution and the cloud point of the emulsifier package. Typical mean particle size for medium-activity silicone emulsions is on the order of 1–10 µm, measured by laser diffraction. Emulsions with larger mean droplet sizes often give faster spreading but have reduced shelf stability and may separate under freeze–thaw cycling. Storage below 5 °C is not recommended because ice crystal formation can rupture the oil–water interface and cause irreversible coalescence. Storage above 40 °C accelerates Ostwald ripening, leading to a gradual increase in viscosity and a loss in knockdown performance.
Typical physical property data for AFE-0310 are listed below. Values are representative and do not replace certificate of analysis or batch-specific test data.
| Property | Representative range | Test method / conditions |
|---|---|---|
| Appearance | White, pourable liquid | Visual inspection |
| Non-volatile content | 20–30 wt% | 2 g sample, forced-air oven, 105 °C, 2 h to constant mass |
| pH | 6.5–8.5 | 1% dispersion in deionized water, calibrated pH meter |
| Density | 0.98–1.02 g/cm³ | ASTM D4052-22 at 25 °C |
| Viscosity | 1,000–4,000 mPa·s | Brookfield LV, spindle 2, 60 rpm, 25 °C |
| Emulsifier charge | Nonionic | Dilution behavior and zeta potential evaluation |
| Silicone active content | 15–25 wt% | Solvent extraction or FTIR per manufacturer procedure |
| Dilution stability | Stable in water at 5–35 °C | 24 h settlement test, 10 g/L dilution |
Emulsion phase inversion occurs when the continuous water phase is displaced by a high concentration of oil-soluble surfactants or when the emulsion is diluted with process streams containing more than 5,000 ppm of nonylphenol ethoxylates. The resulting inverted emulsion produces sticky deposits on tank walls and pump diaphragms. For this reason, pre-dilution with clean water at a ratio not exceeding 1:10 is recommended before introducing the product into streams with high surfactant loading. Low-shear addition through a peristaltic or diaphragm pump with a static mixer preserves emulsion particle size and prevents localized inversion. Avoid centrifugal pumps with high shear because they can reduce emulsion particle size and alter defoaming performance.
In aerobic fermentation, silicone defoamers are added intermittently to control foam without compromising gas–liquid mass transfer. Over-addition of AFE-0310 can reduce the volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient kLa by forming silicone films at the gas–liquid interface that resist oxygen diffusion. In laboratory-scale bioreactors operated at 30 °C, 1 vvm aeration, and 200 rpm agitation, residual silicone concentrations above 100 ppm have been associated with kLa reductions of 15–30% relative to uninoculated control runs. Because the specific response depends on reactor geometry and broth viscosity, published data for this specific configuration is limited; a dose-response evaluation in the production vessel is required before full-scale implementation. Operators often use a foam probe with automatic dead-band control to minimize total silicone delivery. The product’s medium activity is suited for feedback-controlled dosing because it provides a broader control window than high-activity emulsions, reducing the frequency of overdosing events.
Where the product is used in food processing applications, compliance is generally evaluated under 21 CFR 173.340 for dimethylpolysiloxane and under 21 CFR 176.170 or 21 CFR 176.180 for indirect food-contact use. End-users must verify that the specific grade and batch meet the applicable extraction and migration limits. The maximum permitted dosage and residual must be confirmed against the final food type and applicable regulatory region. Under REACH (EC) No 1907/2006, the product is not expected to contain substances of very high concern above the communication threshold of 0.1% w/w; however, full safety data sheet review is required before industrial deployment.
For selection against alternative defoamer chemistries, the following matrix provides comparative starting points. Actual performance must be confirmed by jar testing and continuous trial in the target medium.
| Parameter | AFE-0310 medium-activity silicone emulsion | High-activity silicone emulsion | Mineral oil-based defoamer |
|---|---|---|---|
| Active content | 15–25 wt% silicone | 30–50 wt% silicone | 90–100 wt% oil/hydrophobic solids |
| Dispersibility in water | Readily dilutable at low shear | Requires pre-dilution or high-shear mixing | Often insoluble; requires emulsifier |
| Flash knockdown | Moderate | Fast | Slow to moderate |
| Persistence | 2–6 h in moderate foam systems | 1–3 h unless co-surfactant-modified | 4–12 h depending on oil film |
| Continuous temperature limit | 80 °C typical | 120 °C depending on grade | 150 °C in nonaqueous systems |
| pH compatibility | 4–10 | 3–11 | 2–12 |
| Direct food-contact potential | Possible under 21 CFR 173.340 with certified grade | Possible with specific high-viscosity polydimethylsiloxane grade | Not permitted for direct food use |
| Deposit tendency | Low to moderate | Moderate to high if overdosed | High in high-temperature oxidation |
For pulp and paper black liquor foam control, AFE-0310 is typically added at the wire pit or seal pit at 20–80 ppm by dry fibre mass. In this application, the emulsion must resist destabilization by high pH 10–12 and dissolved lignin surfactants. Performance is evaluated by foam height in a recirculating froth cell under controlled air flow and by measuring drainage rate. If defoamer persists in the paper web, sizing defects may appear; a residual silicone level below 10 ppm in the stock is usually specified to avoid interference with ASA or AKD sizing. Combination with amine-based additives may lead to premature emulsion destabilization because protonated amines can displace nonionic emulsifiers at the oil–water interface. Jar testing with the actual amine additive at use concentration is required before tank mixing.
