Section
| HS Code | 343323 |
| Product | XIAMETER ACP-0544 Jet Dyeing Silicone Antifoam Compound |
| Appearance | White, viscous liquid |
| Active Content | 100% silicone antifoam compound |
| Viscosity At 25 C | 10000 mPa·s (nominal) |
| Specific Gravity At 25 C | 1.0 |
| Flash Point | >100°C (closed cup) |
| Water Dispersibility | Easily dispersible in cold water to form a milky dispersion |
| Ionic Character | Nonionic |
| Ph Stability Range | Stable over a pH range of approximately 3 to 12 |
| Temperature Stability | Stable and effective at jet dyeing temperatures up to at least 130°C |
| Foam Suppression | Provides rapid and sustained foam control in acidic, alkaline, and high-temperature dye baths |
| Storage Stability | 12 months in sealed original containers at temperatures below 35°C |
As an accredited XIAMETER ACP-0544 Jet Dyeing Silicone Antifoam Compound factory, we enforce strict quality protocols—every batch undergoes rigorous testing to ensure consistent efficacy and safety standards.
| Packing | XIAMETER ACP-0544 Jet Dyeing Silicone Antifoam Compound comes in 25 kg pails or 200 kg drums, sealed for safe transport. |
| Container Loading (20′ FCL) | One 20' FCL loaded with drums of XIAMETER ACP-0544 silicone antifoam compound, secured and palletized for safe transit. |
| Shipping | XIAMETER ACP-0544 ships as a non-regulated, non-hazardous silicone compound. Available in drums, pails, or bulk totes, it should be transported in standard closed containers, protected from freezing and extreme heat. Ensure secure loads and avoid direct moisture ingress to maintain product integrity. No special hazmat endorsement required. |
| Storage | Store XIAMETER ACP-0544 in its original, tightly sealed container in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area, ideally between 5°C and 40°C. Keep away from direct sunlight, heat, and moisture. Avoid freezing, which may damage the silicone compound. Use clean, dry handling equipment. Properly stored, the product typically maintains quality for 12 months from manufacture. |
| Shelf Life | Shelf life is 24 months from manufacture when stored in original unopened containers below 40°C. |
In high-temperature exhaust dyeing of polyester tricot, warp-knit, and woven constructions, XIAMETER ACP-0544 Jet Dyeing Silicone Antifoam Compound is introduced into the dyebath before the bath temperature exceeds 60°C, diluted 1:5 with cold demineralized water under low-speed mixing to avoid localized silicone-rich areas. Production starting addition rates in jet dyeing machines operating at liquor ratios of 1:6 to 1:12 fall between 0.1 g/L and 0.3 g/L of bath volume; under low-liquor conditions where foam persists above 110°C, a supplementary dose up to 0.5 g/L total is permissible only after visual verification of the overflow weir, because mill dye logs from production machines with rope speeds of 250–350 m/min show that silicone spotting on high-density warp knits appears above 0.5 g/L when the product is added directly without dilution. The relevant compliance framework is REACH (EC) No 1907/2006 Annex XVII and the SVHC candidate list threshold of 0.1% w/w, ZDHC MRSL V3.1 chemical input management, and OEKO-TEX ECO PASSPORT certification for textile auxiliaries; incoming QC may use ASTM D3519-19 blender testing in 22°C water to compare lot-to-lot foam collapse, but absolute acceptance windows require correlation with plant machinery because laboratory blender shear does not replicate venturi pressures. The downstream process is carrier-free disperse dyeing at 130–135°C for 30–45 min under pH 4.5–5.0, followed by reduction clearing with sodium hydrosulfite and sodium hydroxide at 70–80°C; the antifoam controls entrained air generated at the circulation pump suction side and the high-turbulence venturi where foam can reduce pump net positive suction head and cause rope slippage. Foam film rupture depends on antifoam droplet viscosity being orders of magnitude higher than dyebath viscosity; at 130°C the aqueous bath viscosity is below 1.2 mPa·s, while the silicone compound remains a dispersed high-viscosity phase. The venturi shear rate can exceed 10,000 s⁻¹, which reduces silicone droplet size; dosing at the machine addition tank rather than directly at the pump inlet preserves droplet size and reduces the probability of silicone deposition. Finished product categories supplied from such lines include automotive seat upholstery, microfiber cleaning fabrics, warp-knit sportswear, brushed polyester fleece, and mattress ticking.
| Standard or designation | Relevance to ACP-0544 use | Limit / verification boundary |
|---|---|---|
| REACH (EC) No 1907/2006 Annex XVII and SVHC candidate list | Textile chemical import and downstream article compliance in the EU | SVHC content below 0.1% w/w in formulation; SDS Sections 2 and 15 |
| ZDHC MRSL V3.1 | Chemical inputs in ZDHC-reporting textile and footwear mills | No intentionally added restricted substances; mill chemical inventory declaration required |
| OEKO-TEX ECO PASSPORT | Textile auxiliaries for STeP and Standard 100 certified facilities | Product assessment under current criteria; certificate validity 12 months |
| bluesign BSSL | Approved chemical inputs for bluesign® system facilities | Compliance with positive list limits; batch traceability retained at dyehouse |
In exhaust dyeing of cotton jersey, interlock, and French terry on overflow jet machines at 60°C, foam persistence is driven by wax and pectin saponification under alkali and by surface-active impurities released from greige cotton, which generate viscoelastic lamellae at the bath surface. The compound is added at 0.02–0.10 g/L as a starting dose after the first salt charge, diluted 1:10 with cold water; a second dose of 0.02 g/L may be introduced after sodium carbonate addition only when foam height exceeds the weir plate and rope migration slows. Total addition above 0.15 g/L in high-electrolyte baths containing 40–80 g/L sodium sulfate and 10–15 g/L sodium carbonate is not recommended because electrolyte compression of the oil/water interface lowers dispersed droplet stability, and silicone-rich coalescence can deposit on the fabric as undyed specks that are not fully removed in reactive soaping. The governing compliance standards for this scenario include OEKO-TEX STANDARD 100 Annex 4 for finished-goods residues, ZDHC MRSL V3.1, and GOTS 6.0 processing-input criteria where organic certification applies; batch documentation should record antifoam addition against the dyeing recipe and the chemical management system. Downstream process sequence is reactive exhaustion and fixation in the presence of electrolyte and alkali at 60°C for 45–60 min, followed by overflow rinse at 80°C, acid neutralization with acetic acid, and high-temperature soaping at 95°C. Terminal product types include cotton jerseys for baselayers, interlock turtlenecks, French terry leggings, baby bodysuits, and cotton knit garments requiring soft hand and no silicone spots.
Polyamide/elastane warp knits and circular knits carry spin finishes and residual pre-setting lubricants that emulsify in acid dye baths and generate foam that clings to hard pipe surfaces. Under these conditions the starting addition rate is 0.05–0.2 g/L; the compound should be pre-diluted 1:8 in cold water and dosed into the machine addition tank before acetic acid/ammonium sulfate pH adjustment to 5.0–5.5, because low pH can accelerate droplet coalescence if undiluted product contacts the concentrated acid stream. Overdosage above 0.3 g/L on dark acid-dyed polyamide/elastane has been linked in production dye logs to silicone spot formation on high-speed circular knits, and below 0.05 g/L residual foam produces rope stoppages at speeds near 300 m/min. The compliance framework includes bluesign BSSL positive list verification, ZDHC MRSL V3.1, and REACH (EC) No 1907/2006 SVHC restrictions; swimwear brands typically require OEKO-TEX STANDARD 100 class II residual limits for finished garments. Downstream production is acid-milling or metal-complex dye exhaustion at 98°C for 45–60 min, then cooling to 70°C before overflow rinse, with fixation of polyamide using tannic acid or synthetic dye-fixing agents only after antifoam has been fully rinsed; residual silicone can reduce fastness to sea water under ISO 105-E02:2013 if not removed. Terminal products are competition swimwear, lingerie, compression shorts, and elasticated bra straps.
Alkaline pre-treatment of cotton tubular knits and open-width cotton/spandex fabrics in jet machines relies on hydrogen peroxide bleach liquors that foam heavily when residual knitting oils and waxes are emulsified at 98°C. The antifoam is added at 0.1–0.3 g/L into the cold machine bath before alkali addition, diluted 1:5 with soft water; a split dose of 0.05–0.1 g/L is introduced after hydrogen peroxide 2–4 g/L of 50% peroxide has been mixed because the oxidative bleach stage may gradually hydrolyze hydrophobic silica and reduce defoaming persistence. Mills running hard water with carbonate hardness above 250 ppm CaCO3 report batch-to-batch dosing variation and should add 0.05 g/L excess antifoam only after foam-head measurement, not by fixed recipe. Compliance is normally checked against ZDHC Wastewater Guidelines V2.2 and the EU Ecolabel for textile products (2014/350/EU) chemical restrictions; the pre-treatment effluent should contain no residual peroxide above 10 mg/L before discharge. The downstream process is exhaust bleaching at 98°C for 30–45 min, hot rinse at 85°C, catalase or sodium bisulfite peroxide neutralization, and cold rinse; the antifoam controls foam during circulation but must not leave silicone deposits that interfere with subsequent reactive dye wetting. Terminal outputs are prepared white cotton knits for printed t-shirts, optical white uniforms, and pale-shade reactive dyeing bases.
Foam generation in wool and wool-polyester soft-flow machines is less severe than in high-turbulence polyester jets but more difficult to manage because wool fibres hydrolyze at extreme pH and low-liquor mechanical action promotes felting at rope speed above 150 m/min. The addition window is narrower: 0.05–0.15 g/L pre-diluted 1:10 with cold water, dosed after the bath is filled and before acid-milling or reactive dye addition at 40–50°C; doses above 0.2 g/L risk uneven dye uptake on merino wool because silicone film patches retard acid dye diffusion. Compliance requirements for this segment include REACH (EC) No 1907/2006 Annex XVII, bluesign BSSL, and the Woolmark processing chemical requirements where applicable; finishers exporting to Europe must document residual silicone in finished wool textiles under EU Ecolabel (2014/350/EU) or brand-specific RSL. Production process is scour-dye-soften sequence in soft-flow machines at 85–98°C for acid levelling dyes or 105°C for wool-polyester high-temperature dyeing with pH-stable wool protectants, followed by cooling at 0.5–1°C/min to avoid thermal shock and matting of loose wool. Published plant data for this compound in wool anti-felting baths is limited; the dosing range above is a mill starting point requiring validation on the specific soft-flow machine. Terminal product types are wool scarves, merino baselayers, wool-polyester suiting, and felted wool hats.
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The XIAMETER ACP-0544 Jet Dyeing Silicone Antifoam Compound is an anhydrous 100 % active polydimethylsiloxane-based foam-control agent indicated for aqueous textile jet dyeing liquors. It is supplied as a high-viscosity liquid without water or an emulsifier carrier. In high-shear jet machine processes, entrained air is stabilized by residual sizing agents, dispersants, lubricants, and detergent residues present in the dye bath. The resulting foam lamellae reduce bulk density at the pump inlet and interfere with fabric transport through the venturi. ACP-0544 functions primarily by spreading at the air–liquid interface and displacing foam-stabilizing surfactants, but the concentrated anhydrous composition also differs from ready-to-use silicone emulsions in dosage, handling, and failure mode. This distinction is the central evaluation parameter when the compound is compared with emulsion-type silicone defoamers or organic defoamers used in exhaust dyeing.
In jet dyeing machines with liquor ratios between 1:5 and 1:12, the circulation pump is the most foam-sensitive unit. Centrifugal pump performance falls when gas volume fraction at the suction exceeds approximately 5 % to 10 %, producing differential pressure oscillation and a drop in fabric rope speed. Production-scale equipment records frequently attribute rope marks and crack marks to this surge condition, because fabric is momentarily arrested in the accumulation zone and then reaccelerated through the nozzle. With package dyeing machines, foam pockets can adhere to the yarn package column and redirect flow, causing channeling and unlevel dye uptake. ACP-0544 is therefore metered into the bath as a process defoamer rather than as a dyeing auxiliary. The active silicone remains dispersed under the high-shear pumping conditions of the main recirculation loop, and its effect is observed as a steady rise in pump discharge pressure toward the single-phase design value. Mechanical gas separation alone is not sufficient once surfactant concentration exceeds the critical micelle concentration of the process bath; a spreading antifoam must be present before foam nuclei consolidate into stable lamellae.
Representative physical property ranges published for this product are summarised in Table 1. The values are typical control values, not batch release limits; the certificate of analysis for a specific lot should be used for acceptance testing.
| Property | Published typical value | Test method |
|---|---|---|
| Appearance | Opaque white-to-grey viscous liquid | Visual inspection |
| Active silicone content | 100 % | Supplier method |
| Density at 25 °C | 0.98–1.00 g/cm³ | ISO 2811-1 |
| Dynamic viscosity at 25 °C | 1,500–3,000 mPa·s | ISO 3219 |
| Flash point | > 250 °C | ASTM D93 |
| Water solubility | Insoluble; dispersible under high shear | Visual dispersion test |
Because the product is anhydrous, pH and freeze-thaw stability are evaluated on diluted dispersions rather than on the neat compound. Routine specification checks should include appearance after resuspension, density for filler or moisture contamination, and viscosity for ageing or batch segregation.
Application in production jet dyeing machines generally begins with pre-dilution at 1:3 to 1:10 by mass with cold water. The resulting coarse dispersion is dosed through a peristaltic pump into a high-shear zone, typically the return line upstream of the heat exchanger or the side-tank mixing chamber. Direct contact of undiluted compound with fabric rope is avoided because localised silicone deposition can create hydrophobic spots that survive reduction clearing. Start-point dosing for medium-foaming disperse dye systems is commonly set at 0.02 % to 0.05 % of total bath mass; heavy reactive dyeing liquors with high electrolyte and surfactant loading may require stepwise addition up to 0.1 %. Adjustment is made by observing foam height at the inspection port and by logging main pump differential pressure. Because ACP-0544 is anhydrous, it adds no water to low-liquor-ratio processes and does not introduce the preservative or emulsifier load associated with some silicone emulsions. The dosing line should be flushed with water after each addition cycle to prevent the formation of a viscous heel in narrow tubing.
Emulsified silicone antifoams commonly contain 10 % to 30 % active silicone dispersed in water with nonionic emulsifiers. ACP-0544 is 100 % active; therefore, replacement should be made on an active-silicone basis. A 0.05 % dose of an emulsion with 20 % active content supplies 0.01 % active silicone to the bath, whereas the same mass dose of ACP-0544 supplies 0.05 % active silicone. If this correction is not applied, the concentrated product can be overdosed, increasing the risk of silicone spot formation on hydrophobic polyester, polyamide, or elastane fibres. The absence of emulsifier also means that the cloud-point separation mechanisms observed with ethoxylated nonionic emulsifiers in hot electrolyte solutions are not relevant. However, the anhydrous compound is not spontaneously water-soluble. A reliable dilution skid and positive-displacement dosing pump are required; simple gravity feed through an open line can produce localised high concentration. When replacement is made, the dosing point should be moved to a high-energy zone where mechanical mixing is continuous, such as a venturi feed, static mixer, or the suction side of a centrifugal side-tank pump.
Mineral-oil-based defoamers typically lose efficiency in high-temperature exhaust dyeing because the carrier oil can be absorbed by synthetic fibres or dissolve into dye carriers. Polyalkylene glycol defoamers may exhibit inverse solubility at elevated temperature and can produce sticky deposits on heat exchanger surfaces. Silicone polydimethylsiloxane retains a low surface tension of approximately 20–22 mN/m and remains thermally stable in standard polyester dyeing up to 130–135 °C. Against general-purpose silicone emulsions, ACP-0544 offers concentrated active content and lower diluent contribution. Against self-emulsifying silicone concentrates, its dispersibility is more dependent on high shear; therefore, feed-point selection is critical. Field experience with narrow-clearance gear pumps indicates that shear-thinning at start-up can vary with pump speed and temperature; peristaltic pumps equipped with Viton or Santoprene tubing are more common for continuous dosing. Because published elastomer compatibility data for extended contact at 130 °C is limited, wetted seals and tubing should be inspected as part of the dyehouse maintenance interval.
Anhydrous polydimethylsiloxane fluids are generally thermally stable under neutral pH conditions up to 150 °C. In strongly alkaline processing, however, hydrolytic degradation of the siloxane backbone can become measurable above 130 °C. Reactive dye fixation on cotton, alkaline reduction clearing of polyester, and combined scouring/dyeing operations can generate pH values above 12; under these conditions, the product should be added after alkali neutralization or after the bath has cooled below 95 °C. Hydrogen peroxide bleaching in the same bath introduces an oxidative environment that may crosslink trace unsaturated groups in some silicone compounds; published data specific to ACP-0544 under high-bleach conditions is limited, so plant trials are required. The operational window is therefore broad for conventional jet dyeing but narrows in alkaline pressure vessels operating above 130 °C. In carrier-free polyester exhaust dyeing at 130–135 °C, the antifoam effect generally persists through the hold period, but dye uptake and shade reproducibility should be confirmed after reduction clearing when the product is first used on a sensitive quality.
Storage life is normally quoted as 24 months from the date of manufacture in unopened, sealed containers at 5–40 °C. Material exposed to freezing should be warmed slowly to 20–25 °C with gentle recirculation before dilution. The compound is non-corrosive to stainless steel, polyethylene, and polypropylene; concentrated material should not be left in aluminium lines where moisture could generate alkaline process conditions. Spilled product should be contained immediately because a silicone film can reduce floor traction. Wastewater discharge must comply with local limits for oil and grease; the safety data sheet indicates no GHS hazardous classification, but silicone oil is not readily biodegradable in conventional activated sludge. Repeated foam episodes caused by excessive surfactant carryover from upstream scouring cannot be corrected by increasing antifoam dose alone; bath replacement or additional rinse cycles should be performed before recharging the machine. If foam control is not achieved within the recommended dosage range, the cause is usually mechanical air intake or incompatible auxiliary chemistry rather than a deficiency in the antifoam compound.
